How Justified Were President Lincolns Wartime Decisions Essays

How Justified Were President Lincoln's Wartime Decisions? In a time of war, it is necessary for the President to enforce limits on the power of individuals. President Lincoln was entirely justified in limiting rights during the wartime situation to protect the nation. It was also necessary for him to increase the size of the federal army in order for the North to have any possibility of winning the war. Lincoln had to do all that he could to keep the Border States, each of which the Union could not afford to lose. Setting limits on the rights of individuals was unavoidable for President Lincoln, because Copperheads posed a significant threat to the Union. It is almost certain that the North would have lost the war if Lincoln did not improve the Union's army. The South had superior military trained personnel because most of the U.S. military that had been professionally trained seceded with the South. A number of notable military institutions were located in the South. The North only had a small "standing army" before the war. Congress was not in session at the time of crisis, so Lincoln himself requested 75, 000 men, most of which had never even held a gun. This large army needed training and supplies. Had Lincoln waited for the $2 million needed for military services to be appropriated, it may have been too late to successfully train such a large army. It was crucial that the Union did not lose any of the Border States. Martial Law had to be ordered in Maryland immediately, because the loss of Maryland would mean that the Union's capital, Washington D. C., would become enemy territory. If the line between the North and South shifted further north, the Union would lose many people, jobs, and railroad lines. President Lincoln needed Kentucky because it supplied much of the iron, gunpowder, and grain for the South. Slavery still existed in the Border States, which could be used to lure the Confederate States back. Lincoln's priority was to preserve the Union. Keeping Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, and West Virginia may have made it possible. It was entirely necessary for Lincoln to limit the rights of individuals. Northerners who sympathized with the South, also called "Copperheads", openly attacked President Lincoln and the draft in newspapers, magazines, and their words. They often shipped goods to the South. Their actions may have posed a threat to the Union and could have lead to the loss of Border States. To prevent this, Lincoln arranged for "supervised" voting, and rightfully suspended Habeas Corpus and free speech. Those who threatened the North by outwardly speaking against the Union could be jailed immediately. In order to protect the nation, President Lincoln was entirely justified in suspending rights during the wartime situation. The North would have had no chance of victory over the Confederacy's superior military had Lincoln not supported our small, inexperienced army. It was also crucial that the President kept the slave-holding Border States to be able to lure the Confederate States back in, and more importantly, to protect Washington D. C., the capital of the Union. If Lincoln allowed the sympathizers to continue freely expressing their hate for the war, the "Copperheads" may have lead to many losses for the North, including the vital Border States. If President Lincoln had not infringed on the rights of the people, we could be living in the Confederate States of America today.

Free Essays on Strong Writing From An Even Stronger Man

â€Å"Strong Writing from an Even Stronger Man† Martin Luther King Jr’s letter from Birmingham jail has proven to be a perfect example of effective and persuasive writing. There are many techniques which he used including: repetition of important and sometimes disturbing statements, including issues that most people don’t want to talk about, and using quotes from many honored people in American history. Some of the people he used quotes from included: Jesus, Amos, Martin Luther, and Abraham Lincoln. Early on in the letter King describes the issue of tension in society (679). He explains that he opposes violent tension but sees constructive, nonviolent tension as necessary for growth (679). He goes on to say that â€Å"Socrates felt that it was necessary to create a tension in the mind so that individuals could rise from the bondage of myths and half-truths to the unfettered rb bealm of creative analysis and objective appraisal, so must we see the need for nonviolent gadflies to create the kind of tensions in society that will help men rise from the dark depths of prejudice and racism to the majestic heights of understanding brotherhood† (679). This is a way he proves to the clergymen that he does not condone violent tension or agree with it. Instead he tells them he sees only nonviolent tension as constructive and good (679). By saying this, he shows that he will not agree or tolerate violence in any way. By adding what Socrates says, he backs up the idea that witho ut te! nsion no one will test what he or she hears. All people will do is listen to what others tell them and believe it as truth, without ever questioning the issues for themselves. Tension allows people to see other sides of issues and repute them, this way they are able to hear different sides of issues and eventually come to their own opinions on them. (682). Further along in the letter he includes a section that is crucial to the statement he is ... Free Essays on Strong Writing From An Even Stronger Man Free Essays on Strong Writing From An Even Stronger Man â€Å"Strong Writing from an Even Stronger Man† Martin Luther King Jr’s letter from Birmingham jail has proven to be a perfect example of effective and persuasive writing. There are many techniques which he used including: repetition of important and sometimes disturbing statements, including issues that most people don’t want to talk about, and using quotes from many honored people in American history. Some of the people he used quotes from included: Jesus, Amos, Martin Luther, and Abraham Lincoln. Early on in the letter King describes the issue of tension in society (679). He explains that he opposes violent tension but sees constructive, nonviolent tension as necessary for growth (679). He goes on to say that â€Å"Socrates felt that it was necessary to create a tension in the mind so that individuals could rise from the bondage of myths and half-truths to the unfettered rb bealm of creative analysis and objective appraisal, so must we see the need for nonviolent gadflies to create the kind of tensions in society that will help men rise from the dark depths of prejudice and racism to the majestic heights of understanding brotherhood† (679). This is a way he proves to the clergymen that he does not condone violent tension or agree with it. Instead he tells them he sees only nonviolent tension as constructive and good (679). By saying this, he shows that he will not agree or tolerate violence in any way. By adding what Socrates says, he backs up the idea that witho ut te! nsion no one will test what he or she hears. All people will do is listen to what others tell them and believe it as truth, without ever questioning the issues for themselves. Tension allows people to see other sides of issues and repute them, this way they are able to hear different sides of issues and eventually come to their own opinions on them. (682). Further along in the letter he includes a section that is crucial to the statement he is ...

Developing leadership and Global Recession Essay

Developing leadership and Global Recession - Essay Example However, countries which are wealthy were able to cope with recession to an extent. According to AusAID(2010)â€Å"Those  with stronger economies and more financial resources  were able to implement effective policy responses to support the economy and weathered the global recession relatively well†. In combating a worldwide threat like global recession, an organization needs to make visible changes in their leadership styles and business strategies. The issue of global recession demands a leader to change his attitude in conducting business in order to be flexible and realistic. Global recession is a serious issue and threatens the financial structure of a company and its profitability. As per Sawan(2008) â€Å"A recession normally takes place when consumers lose confidence in the growth of the economy and spend less† . In such a condition the objectives and aim of a business needs to be revised and reconsidered according to the demands of the situation. Implicatio n of Leadership on Global Recession a) Autocratic Leadership: This is a leadership style in which the whole decision making process of the business is vested with a single individual. Here the whole group members in an organization are monitored by the autocrat leader. In the event of global recession, the leaders should make effort to increase the confidence of share holders along with motivating staff to achieve maximum profit returns. An autocratic leader has more visionary skills and can implement strategies with less time and effort as consultation with other employees are not required. As an autonomous authority, he can analyze the prospects of the product market and make alternative choices to increase the demand for the product. As per Kiselev(2007)â€Å"An autocratic leader likes to make decisions himself. This leader relies on personal experience and input he has sought, not the voluntary contributions of others†. This kind of leadership is not viable with global re cession concept as co-operation and co – ordination wit all employees can solely achieve long term success for business. b) Democratic Leadership: A democratic leader is one who considers everyone’s opinion and solution on a specific problem before taking a decision. In this kind of leadership, the leader conducts meeting with group members and discuss the complexities of the business in the event of economical downturn. The conclusions are drawn considering the suggestion of all mangers and experts in the organization. During a recession period, most of the organization cut off employees in order to reduce cost, so a declarative leader must plan with organizational heads to retain experienced and skilled employees and disown employees who are less productive. According to Hansen(2011,pg.268)â€Å" Democratic style displays the leadership strength of the leader and usually generates respect from the team member c) Laissez –faire Leadership: In laissez – faire leadership, the decision making power is least vested with a particular individual. The decision making authority is distributed among various employees of the organization and they have strong hold on the business activity of an organization. In times of recession, it will be valuable if many employees have freedom to exercise their power to take action on relevant areas of an organization. In recession period, the organization has to take instant decisions to

Discuss Karl Marxs critique of capitalism Assignment

Discuss Karl Marxs critique of capitalism - Assignment Example Similarly, Thomas Hobbes’s renowned publication, the â€Å"Leviathan† claims that a valid government is that which unifies the collective will of the majority and unites them under the authority of sovereign power. Though all the three theories have some similarities, their areas of specialization are different. For instance, they all assert that there should be absolute governments though the theories highlight different specializations in regard to the stated governments. The concept of alienation and class inequality focuses more on the relationship between labor and human expression under capitalism. Under this concept, the workers are alienated from their labor since it no longer belongs to the workers but rather to the capitalists. The workers do as at the demands of capitalist rather than to satisfy their own needs. As far as class inequality is concerned, Marx argues there would be more and more members of society becoming proletarians if communism is not going to be practiced (Gergen 23). He further argues that because capitalist are continually accumulating capital, few capitalist exploiting a large number of poor proletarians who are subsisting on low wages will eventually characterize society. This would in turn encourage two social classes: the capitalist (rich) and the proletariat (poor). Communism can help solve the issue of class inequality and alienation the society faces today. Through communism, all goods and services are shared and as such, every need is met. Communism helps to eradicated poverty since no gets rich (Marx 16-40). At a personal level, class inequality and alienation is something that I undergo on my daily life. For instance, because I come from a middle class as the society stratifies, I cannot freely go into a five star hotel and bond freely with other citizens since I am considered not of the status. As far as

History And Background Of The Unilever Company

History And Background Of The Unilever Company Unilever began with British soap-maker company named Lever Brothers. Their revolutionary action in business was by introducing the Sunlight Soap in 1890s. That idea was from William Hesketh Lever, founder of Lever Brothers. This idea helped the Lever Brothers become the first company that help popularise cleanliness in Victorian England. Moreover, the product rapidly emulated globally after that it was a success in UK and made Lever Brothers obtained more business worldwide. One of the reasons of this success was the strategy from William that not only prioritize on selling the products but also focus on manufacturing them. On the other side, in 1872 Jurgens and Van den Bergh created a company that produces margarine. Since there were many competitors in the margarine industry in Dutch, in 1920s, Jurgen and Van de Berth decided to strengthen their company by joining another margarine manufacturer in Bohemia. In 1927, there were three companies including Jurgen and Van de Berth compan y which formed Margarine Unie located in Holland. In 1930, the Lever Bros merged with the Margarine Unie and even though, an international merge was an unusual move at that time,   both of the two companies have the same vision that by doing this merge with strong global networks would create new opportunities. Finally, the name of Unilever was created by the merge of the companies. Not too long after Unilever was formed, they got a big problem which was that their raw material companies were reduced from 30% to 40% in the first year. As that problem started to attack, Unilever had to react quickly by building up an efficient system of control. In September of 1930, Unilever established the Special Committee that was designed to stabilize British and Dutch operate and concern as an internal cabinet for the organization.   Since William Levers death in 1925, it was Frances DArcy Cooper who replaced him to become the chairmen of Lever Brothers. Cooper made several benefits for Unilever, one of his revolutionary action was that he led the various companies that included Unilever into one Anglo-Dutch companies. According to The Netherlands official UK site, Anglo-Dutch Companies is the British and the Dutch historically joined forces to form some of the strongest companies in the world, and until now their position is still strong. In 1937, when the correlation between the profit-earning capabilities of the British and Dutch companies found itself overturned, it was Cooper that came to solve the problem by convincing the board of the necessity for restructuring. In the 1930s, Unilever continued to grow their business when they promoted their products in America Latin. To keep it growing, Unilever adapted a new strategy in 1940s by widening their business areas and create new areas such as particular food and chemical manufactures. Furthermore, Unilever recognized that there were something more important than widening their areas, it was the relationship between marketing and research that they must focus on. Therefore, Unilever expanded their operation by making association by two important actuations in US, those are Thomas J. Lipton company, manufacture of tea, and the Pepsodent brand of toothpaste in 1944. In 1957 Unilever continued their actions by associating with U.K. frozen food maker birds eye, and in 1961 with U.S. Ice cream novelty maker Good Humor. In the 1980s Unilever made a revolutionary restructuring by selling most of its subsidiary business to concentrate the companys core business. Eventually, foods, toiletries, detergents and special chemicals were the Unilevers core business. This restructuring also helped Unilever to make a collaboration with Chesebrought-Ponds in U.S. in 1986. That collaboration made a big impact to Unilever, their profit margin increased. Furthermore, Unilever bought Chesebrought-Pond in 1987. Nowadays, Unilever become the worlds most consumed product brand in home care, personal care and food. In 2002, Unilever had a worldwide revenue around à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬48,760 million. Unilever has two main parenting companies, they are Unilever NV in Rotterdam and Netherland and Unilever PLC in London, UK. However, Unilever still has two major competitors named Nestlà © and Procter Gamble. Unilever has several worldwide products in foods such as Lipton, Knorr, Blue Band, Ben and Jerry, Walls, and Brooke bond. In home care, they have Surf, Sun, Radiant, Domestos and Skip. In personal care, they have Ponds, Vaseline, Rexona, Lux, Dove, Lifebuoy, Pepsodent, Sunsilk and Axe/Lynx. Social and Environmental issues Besides Unilevers success, there are also some social and environmental issues that affects Unilever. There are several damages created by Unilever during their processes in manufacturing, supplying, and labouring. Palm oil issues that affected by Unilever Unilever is the company with the worlds largest buyer of palm oil. They turn the palm oil material to their products like detergents, cosmetics, bio-fuel and soaps. Their actions by cutting down the palm oil of the most area in Kalimantan was slowly destroying habitat of Orang-utan, an endangered species which lived almost everywhere in the rainforest of Kalimantan. This action resulted in the extinction of the Orang-utan species in Kalimantan. An expected of two million acres of the rainforests in Kalimantan have been cut down annually. This action is also damaging Indonesias rainforest, eventually leading to a severe climate change. Unilever created their products to help people in doing their daily life, but in fact they are also destroying other endangered lives. In 2008, Unilever was criticised by Greenpeace UK because of these actions. In November 2009, Unilever announced to cancelled and stop buying palm oil from Indonesian company, PT Smart for environmental reason. In April 2010, Unilever had secured GreenPalm certificates. GreenPalm endorsed By RSPO (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil), Organization formed by several stakeholders in the palm oil industry, to protect the environmental impact of palm oil and endorse sustainable agriculture. These certificates have function to cover the supplies of its European, Australian and New Zealand businesses. Unilevers Mercury Waste In 1983, Chesebrough Ponds Ltd, one of U.S. company bought an area near Kodaikanal. They relocated their thermometer-making factory that had been in Watertown, suburb of New York to this area. In 1987, Unilever bought Ponds and the thermometer-making factory in Kodaikanal and became the biggest facility in the world. Then, Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL), the subsidiary of Unilever which operates and located in India, took charge of the factory. Early 2001, there were 7,4 tonnes of mercury-contaminated wastes around Kodaikanal in Tamil Nadu found. Kodaikanal has beautiful lakes, perennially cool weather and rich forests which is why it became the most popular tourist destination in South India. After investigating the source of those mercury it was found to be from Hindustan Lever Limited factory. Mercury is a toxic metal that can harm humans liver and brain.   Once mercury come into the environment, it will be changed during natural method into a structure that works its way quickly through the food chain where it can contemplate to hazardously high levels. Mercury is the basic material to create thermometers. In March 2001, four hundred people from Factory workers unions and local communities protested and complained about the unsafe waste disposal methods from Hindustan Lever Limited factory. They gave an ultimatum of either closing the factory or remove it from Kodaikanal areas. They also said since the mercury disposal happen in this area, it was destroying the Shola ecosystem of Western Ghats. After that incident, Unilever decided to postpone their thermometer production in Hindustan Lever Limited factory near Kodaikanal until they find a solution to the problem. However on June 21 2001, the Government of India ordered HLL to close the factory and ship the rest of the mercury waste to the U.S. Unilever Use Child Labour in India In India, Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL) has employed for expected number of 25,000 children, mostly girls in cotton seed production. They worked usually between ten and thirteen hours per day and they only got 40 Eurocents per day. Sometime, they are exposed to toxic pesticides during their work. The reason company prefer employed child than the adult was to save money in waging the labour. Usually, a child only receives 55% less than a man and 30 % less than a woman. One of their labour was Narasamma, 12 years old. She was a migrant who worked in cotton seed field for the last three years. She worked more than 12 hours per day with only two breaks. During work, she was regularly sprayed by pesticides and got ill after. However, she only earned Rs. 800 a month. In early 2003, many countries in Europe such as Germany, Netherlands and Ireland started do the campaign to stop Child labour. This campaign started from Germany, then to Netherlands and the campaign finished in Ireland. The main message from those campaigns was that school is the best place for children, so stop child labour. In may 2003, Unilever announced that they would solve the child labour problem in India. Unilever told Hindustan Lever Limited to start rejecting the use of child labour. Conclusion Unilever is one of most influential companies in the world by providing products that help people in their daily life and also supporting global economic growth. They improve their strategy to create products time by time until they meet customer requirements. That is why most of their product trustable and convenient to be used. Some survey showed that every houses in the world at least has one of Unilever product. This is showed that Unilever is very influential in human social life. Perhaps giving value to the brand is the best action that Unilever had done. However, Unilever made some environmental and social issues in their history. Many had protested what Unilever had done in the moment. In fact, Unilever is one of the companies which have been responsible for their actions. Unilever reacted quickly by fixing the problem.

Comparing the Voodoo5 5500 with NVIDIAâ??s Geforce2 Ultra :: essays research papers fc

This essay will compare Voodoo5 5500 with NVIDIA’s Geforce2 Ultra to determine which accelerator provides the best performance. Both companies’ accelerators share the same goal, to bring the highest visual quality possible. Although both companies share the same goal, their approaches are extremely different. Cost will also be addressed. The following features will be examined: - Dual 3dfx VSA-100 - T-Buffering - Fill Rate - 32-bit Z-Buffer/Stencil - Synchronous dynamic random access memory - 32-bit Color II 3D IMAGING 3D objects are created by connecting two-dimensional polygons. Objects appear to be 3D dimensional because the computer calculates the necessary angles to give the illusion of depth. The computer then assigns a give texture to each object, textures are the covering of the object. Like in the real world, different textures have different properties, like color, luster, opaque, etc. These objects are then displayed on the computer’s monitor. Many 3D objects can be combined to create a 3D environment. A 3D environment is the computers generation of a make believe world. When the camera, the point of view within the 3D world, moves, the computer calculates the height, width, depth and the lighting of every object and adjust them in way that from the perspective of the camera, you appear to be moving within the environment. What is 3D? The first dimension is a line. The second dimension, a plane. This world is described vertically and horizontally. This is what you draw on a piece of paper. The third dimension, our dimension, allows free movement and perception by adding depth. This allows movement in all directions, up, down, left, right, forwards and back. All personal computers come pre-installed with a two-dimensional (2D) graphics board - the hardware that creates the computer screen graphics for flat applications like Microsoft Word and Excel. But, to make 3D images in real-time (or on-the-fly), a computer must make millions of complex mathematical calculations every second. This can make games and 3D graphics applications slow and jerky as the computer gets caught up rendering 3D images in addition to running the program. 3D accelerators solve this problem. When you install a 3D accelerator, the 3D graphics previously rendered by the CPU (your computer's processor) are now rendered by the 3D accelerator. This significantly increases the performance, visual effects, and drastically improves the 3D experience. III VOODOO5 5500 The Voodoo5 5500 is 3Dfx’s latest 3D accelerator.

Modern Communication

In the postindustrial modern world, or the â€Å"Information† age, we as a worldwide society use communication methods as our primary medium. We as a society have evolved to a point where individuals can transfer information freely, and to have instant access to knowledge that would have been difficult or impossible to find previously. This transfer however needs a medium. PED’s (Personal Electronic Devices) have evolved over the last 10 years to fill this roll. Like smoke signals, word of mouth, courier, and the telephone, PED’s have met with resistance from society’s previous generation. This resistance is due to a fear of change that has gripped mankind since the Middle Pleistocene, around 250,000 years ago.This review will discuss the cost of this fear and how communications have developed with the following questions: 1. How has communication methods developed through history?2. What is the cost of being left behind in a postindustrial era? How has co mmunication methods developed throughout history?Communication, and communications systems have been the key factor for development as a society. Starting with cuneiform, the first form of writing, our ancestors started recording our history. Since that event, the forms of recording and accessing that information has changed greatly. In the Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Communication evolution is described as such: The reduction of communication to writing was a fundamental step in the evolution of society for, in addition to being useful in situations where speech is not possible, writing permits the preservation of communications, or records, from the past. It marks the beginning of recorded history.Whereas the rise of book publishing and journalism facilitated the widespread dissemination of information, the invention of  the telegraph, the radio, the telephone, and television made possible instantaneous communication over long distances. With the installation of the submar ine cable and improvements in short-wave radio technology, international communication was greatly improved and expanded. In 1962 the first active communications satellite was launched; it provided the first live television broadcast between the United States, Europe, Japan, and South America.Today, satellite communications is used extensively for relaying television signals, telephone calls, and special teleconferencing calls that might include two-way video and graphics along with audio. The 20th-century development of mass media has played a major role in changing social, economic, political, and educational institutions. In the United States, radio and television communication is controlled by the Federal Communications Commission. The international phases of transport and communications are under the direction of the Office of Transport and Communications of the Dept. of State.The United Nations maintains an International Telecommunication Union (ITU), which has three functions —to maintain and extend international cooperation for the improvement and rational use of telecommunication, to promote the development and efficient use of technical facilities, and to harmonize the actions of nations. Telecommunication has been defined by international agreement as any emission, transmission, or reception of signs, signals, sounds, and writing. Recent advances in electronics have made mobile personal communications widely available and inexpensive, primarily through cellular telephony. Worldwide computer networks allow computer users to use modems to communicate rapidly and inexpensively through electronic mail.The proliferation of facsimile machines allows users to send printed communications over telephone lines. Because we are now able instantly speak, and share data around the world in and instant, our knowledge is only limited by our own laziness. What is the cost of being left behind in a postindustrial era?As society moves forward, there are always t hose that oppose the change. This isn’t always a voluntary reaction though. For a lot of people, it’s simply that they have spent their entire life using an Inferior form of communication and it’s hard to make the adjustment or they just shun it due  to a lack of knowledge. Some people don’t have access to the technologies need to educate themselves and are left behind involuntarily. Then there are those who simply just don’t want to accept change don’t educate themselves as a matter of misguided principles. In Bridging the Generational Tech Gap by David Perlmutter, he describes a situation in his business where older employees would fail to adapt new technologies over reluctance to feeling stupid.He also mentioned how younger and new employees would not associate with one another due to a lack of understanding one another. This is not a new thing either. History is littered with examples of new innovations being shunned by a previous gene ration. From the early days of the Catholic Church restricting published writing because it cast them in unfavorable light, communication methods had to evolved. And it still does today.Today our ability to communicate sets us apart from any age before us. We can retrieve any information from any source instantly, and the only thing that stands in our way of doing this is ourselves. One day I hope we can move beyond these trappings that we set ourselves in and let the come to us in any form it can. Communications is the key to our future and will one day guide us into the next era, whatever that may be.